Heart Disorder: The Disorder All Athletes Should Know About !
"Under normal conditions, the heart conforms to a certain size and thickness. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes overgrown and the walls of the heart are abnormally thick." A thickening of the heart's walls can lead to an abnormal heart rhythm that can cause sudden and unexpected death in athletes.
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It is unclear whether the right bundle branch block in this syndrome is real or whether it represents an early repolarization of right ventricular epicardium.
The clinical and electrophysiologic data suggest that both possibilities exist. Some electrocardiograms clearly show a right bundle branch block after normalization of the ST segment (picture 9).
There is frequently a prolongation of the H-V interval in these patients, which supports an abnormality of the conduction system. On the other hand, we can find electrocardiograms without right bundle branch block after normalization of the ST segment elevation (picture 10). Moreover, not all the patients have a prolongation of the H-V interval.
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Picture 9
Modulation of the electrocardiogram by atrial pacing, isoproterenol and procainamide. Note the right bundle branch block in panel the third panel (ISOPRO) after the ST elevation has been normalized by isoproterenol.
Approximately 10% of patients with this syndrome suffer from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. It is possible that similar genetic defects alter atrial and ventricular electrophysiology in some patients.
Picture 10
In contrast to picture 9, this patient shows no right bundle branch block when the electrocardiogram normalizes during followup.
The polymorphic ventricular tachycardia can be often reproduced by programmed electrical stimulation of the heart in these patients, suggesting a re-entrant mechanism. Phase 2 re-entry is believed to undelie ventricular arrhythmias in this syndrome.
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